<Borage oil 琉璃苣油>
在循環系統方面，抑制血小板的結塊，能減少血液凝結的危險性；幫助血管擴張，保證適當的血流進出心臟，也幫助改變動脈硬化造成的阻塞影響；幫助減低體內在肝臟中產生的膽固醇。
在免疫系統方面，控制了Lymphokines（淋巴因子）的釋放，減少免疫細胞的增殖，以免打擊體內其他細胞（這情形基本上發生在自體免疫的疾病，像風濕性的關節炎。），也減低組織胺的分泌，幫助阻止廣泛的敏感反應；並且，它也減輕疼痛，對抗發炎。
在內分泌系統，它刺激在甲狀腺、腎上腺和松果腺的主要荷爾蒙的製造和分泌，包括人類生長激素。可以增加吸收和分泌神經傳達器這神經系統信差，可減少睡眠的需要，並且幫助減輕沮喪。還扮演一個從胰臟分泌胰島素的強力抑制者，建立一個良性的反應圈，幫助你持續在最巔峰的新陳代謝狀態裏。
PGE1也抑制胃酸的分泌，以免造成腫瘤發生；在呼吸系統方面，它鬆弛支氣管組織，減少氣喘發作的頻率。
研究人員發現琉璃苣油的GLA可以在體內轉換成PGE1，因此具有相同的功能。舉凡經前症侯群[2]、糖尿病[3]、骨芽基[4]、蕭格倫氏徵侯群(Sjogren’s syndrome)一組包括下列症狀的徵侯群：乾燥性角膜炎、乾燥性咽喉炎、乾燥性鼻炎、腮腺腫大以及多發性關節炎)的疾病[5]、運動困難(dyskinesia)[6]、濕疹[7]、風濕性關節炎[8][9]、脂肪痢[10]及其他皮膚的問題[11]都有一定的效果。對最常見的降低膽固醇[12][13]及對抗癌症的效果[14][15]更是效果顯著。
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參考文獻：
[1] Wren RC. Potter’s New Cyclopedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations. Essex, England: C.W. Daniel and Co., 1988, 41.
[2]Horrobin DF, Manku M, Brush M, et al. Abnormalities in plasma essential fatty acid levels in women with pre-menstrual syndrome and with non-malignant breast disease. J Nutr Med 1991;2:259–64.
[3]Green H, Payan J, Allawi J, et al. Treatment of diabetic neuropathy with gamma-linolenic acid. Diabetes Care 1993;16:8–15.
[4]Horrobin DF. Essential fatty acid metabolism in diseases of connective tissue with special reference to scleroderma and to Sjogren’s syndrome. Med Hypotheses 1984;14:233–47.
[5]Horrobin DF, Campbell A. Sjogren’s syndrome and the sicca syndrome: the role of prostaglandin E1 deficiency. Treatment with essential fatty acids and vitamin C. Med Hypotheses 1980;6:225–32.
[6]Vaddadi KS, Gilleard CJ. Essential fatty acids, tardive dyskinesia, and schizophrenia. In Omega-6 Essential Fatty Acids: Pathophysiology and Roles in Clinical Medicine. Horrobin DF (ed). New York: Alan R Liss, 1990, 333–43.
[7]Manku MS, Horrobin, DF, Morse NL, et al. Essential fatty acids in the plasma phospholipids of patients with atopic eczema. Br J Dermatol 1984;110:643.
[8] Leventhal LJ, Boyce EG, Zurier RB. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with gammalinolenic acid. Ann Intern Med 1993;119:867–73.
[9]. Zurier RB, Rossetti RG, Jacobson EW, et al. Gamma-linolenic acid treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:1808–17.
[10] Tolleson A, Frithz A. Borage oil, an effective new treatment for infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 1993;25:95.
[11] Horrobin DF. Essential fatty acids in clinical dermatology. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;20:1045–53.
[12] Ishikawa T, Fujiyama Y, Igarashi O, et al. Effects of gammalinolenic acid on plasma lipoproteins and apolipoproteins. Atherosclerosis 1989;75:95–104
[13] Boberg M, Vessby B, Selinus I. Effects of dietary supplementation with n-6 and n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on serum lipoproteins and platelet function in hypertriglyceridaemic patients. Acta Med Scand 1986;220:153–60.
[14] Naidu MRC, Das UN, Kshan A. Intratumoral gamma-linolenic acid therapy of human gliomas. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1992;45:181–4.
[15] Van der Merwe CF, Booyens J. Oral gamma-linolenic acid in 21 patients with untreatable malignancy. An ongoing pilot open clinical trial. Br J Clin Pract 1987;41:907–15.
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